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T Cell engagers for solid tumors
T cell engagers (TCEs) are engineered bispecific antibodies that activate T cells to target and eliminate cancer cells by bridging them with tumor-associated antigens.
T cell engagers are special medicines designed to help the body’s immune system find and attack cancer cells more effectively. They work a bit like a matchmaker between immune cells (T cells) and cancer cells.
Bispecific Binding to Connect the Cells: T cell engagers are designed to simultaneously bind to a tumor-associated antigen on the surface of tumor cells and the CD3 receptor on T cells. This dual binding forms an immunological synapse, pulling the two cells close together so the T cell can "see" the cancer cell.
T Cell Activation: Once connected, the T cell switches into attack mode. TCEs activate T cells, leading to T cell multiplication, also known as proliferation, and enhanced cancer cell killing activity. Importantly, this activation doesn’t depend on the usual recognition system that cancer cells often hide from - notably, activation occurs independently of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction, allowing T cells to recognize and attack tumor cells even if they downregulate MHC molecules.
Killing the Cancer Cells: Activated T cells release powerful natural substances, including perforin and granzymes, that break down and destroy the cancer cell. At the same time, the activated T cells send out signals to other immune cells to join the fight, boosting the overall immune response against the tumor.
