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T Cell engagers for solid tumors
T cell engagers (TCEs) are engineered bispecific antibodies that activate T cells to target and eliminate cancer cells by bridging them with tumor-associated antigens (TAAs).
Mechanism of Action:
Bispecific Binding: T cell engagers are designed to simultaneously bind to a TAA on the surface of tumor cells and the CD3 receptor on T cells. This dual binding forms an immunological synapse, effectively bringing T cells into close proximity with cancer cells.
T Cell Activation: Upon binding, TCEs activate T cells, leading to their proliferation and enhanced cytotoxic activity. This activation occurs independently of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restriction, allowing T cells to recognize and attack tumor cells even if they downregulate MHC molecules.
Cytotoxic Response: Activated T cells release cytotoxic molecules such as perforin and granzymes, which induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in the targeted tumor cells. Additionally, TCEs can stimulate T cells to secrete cytokines that further enhance the immune response against the tumor.
